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Intercession Every Christian's Duty
by George Whitefield
"Brethren, pray for us."
1 Thessalonians 5:25
If we inquire, why there is so little love to be found amongst Christians,
why the very characteristic, by which every one should know that we are
disciples of the holy Jesus, is almost banished out of the Christian world, we
shall find it, in a great measure, owing to a neglect or superficial performance
of that excellent part of prayer, INTERCESSION, or imploring the divine grace
and mercy in behalf of others.
Some forget this duty of praying for others, because they seldom remember to
pray for themselves: and even those who are constant in praying to their Father
who is in heaven, are often so selfish in their addresses to the throne of
grace, that they do not enlarge their petitions for the welfare of their fellow
Christians as they ought; and thereby fall short of attaining that Christian
charity, that unfeigned love to their brethren, which their sacred profession
obliges them to aspire after, and without which, though they should bestow all
their goods to feed the poor, and even give their bodies to be burned, yet it
would profit them nothing.
Since these things are so, I shall from the words of the text (though originally
intended to be more confined) endeavor, to show,
I. FIRST, That it is every Christian's duty to pray for others as well as for
himself.
II. SECONDLY, Show, whom we ought to pray for, and in what manner we should do
it. And,
III. THIRDLY, I shall offer some motives to excite all Christians to abound in
this great duty of intercession.
I. FIRST, I shall endeavor to show, That it is every Christian's duty to pray
for others, as well as for himself.
Now PRAYER is a duty founded on natural religion; the very heathens never
neglected it, though many Christian heathens amongst us do: and it is so
essential to Christianity, that you might as reasonably expect to find a living
man without breath, as a true Christian without the spirit of prayer and
supplication. Thus, no sooner was St. Paul converted, but "behold he prayeth,"
saith the Lord Almighty. And thus will it be with every child of God, as soon as
he becomes such: prayer being truly called, The natural cry of the new-born
soul.
For in the heart of every true believer there is a heavenly tendency, a divine
attraction, which as sensibly draws him to converse with God, as the lodestone
attracts the needle.
A deep sense of their own weakness, and of Christ's fullness; a strong
conviction of their natural corruption, and of the necessity of renewing grace;
will not let them rest from crying day and night to their Almighty Redeemer,
that the divine image, which they lost in Adam, may through his all-powerful
mediation, and the sanctifying operation of his blessed spirit, be begun,
carried on, and fully perfected both in their souls and bodies.
Thus earnest, thus importunate, are all sincere Christians in praying for
themselves: but then, not having so lively, lasting, and deep a sense of the
wants of their Christian brethren, they are for the most part too remiss and
defective in their prayers for them. Whereas, was the love of God shed abroad in
our hearts, and did we love our neighbor in that manner, in which the Son of God
our savior loved us, and according to his command and example, we could not but
be as importunate for their spiritual and temporal welfare, as for our own; and
as earnestly desire and endeavor that others should share in the benefits of the
death and passion of Jesus Christ, as we ourselves.
Let not any one think, that this is an uncommon degree of charity; an high pitch
of perfection, to which not every one can attain: for, if we are all commanded
to "love our neighbor (that is every man) even as ourselves," nay to "lay down
our lives for the brethren;" then, it is the duty of all to pray for their
neighbors as much as for themselves, and by all possible acts and expressions of
love and affection towards them, at all times, to show their readiness even to
lay down their lives for them, if ever it should please God to call them to it.
Our blessed Savior, as "he hath set us an example, that we should follow his
steps" in every thing else, so hath he more especially in this: for in that
divine, that perfect and inimitable prayer (recorded in the 17th of St. John)
which he put up just before his passion, we find but few petitions for his own,
though many for his disciples welfare: and in that perfect form which he has
been pleased to prescribe us, we are taught to say, not MY, but "OUR Father,"
thereby to put us in mind, that, whenever we approach the throne of grace, we
ought to pray not for ourselves alone, but for all our brethren in Christ.
Intercession then is certainly a duty incumbent upon all Christians.
II. Whom we are to intercede for, and how this duty is to be performed, comes
next to be considered.
1. And first, our intercession must be UNIVERSAL. "I will, (says the apostle)
that prayers, supplications and intercessions be made for all men." For as God's
mercy is over all his works, as Jesus Christ died to redeem a people out of all
nations and languages; so we should pray, that "all men may come to the
knowledge of the truth, and be saved." Many precious promises are made in holy
writ, that the gospel shall be published through the whole world, that "the
earth shall be covered with the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the
sea:" and therefore it is our duty not to confine our petitions to our own
nation, but to pray that all those nations, who now sit in darkness and in the
shadow of death, may have the glorious gospel shine out upon them, as well as
upon us. But you need not that any man should teach you this, since ye
yourselves are taught of God, and of Jesus Christ himself, to pray, that his
kingdom may come; part of the meaning of which petition is, that "God's ways may
be known upon earth, and his saving health among all nations."
2. Next to the praying for all men, we should, according to St. Paul's rule,
pray for KINGS; particularly for our present sovereign King George, and all that
are put in authority under him: that we may lead quiet lives, in all godliness
and honesty. For, if we consider how heavy the burden of government is, and how
much the welfare of any people depends on the zeal and godly conversation of
those that have the rule over them: if we set before us the many dangers and
difficulties, to which governors by their station are exposed, and the continual
temptations they be under to luxury and self-indulgence; we shall not only pity,
but pray for them: that he who preserved Esther, David, and Josiah, "unspotted
from the world," amidst the grandeur of a court, and gave success to their
designs, would also preserve them holy and unblameable, and prosper all the
works of their hands upon them. But
3. THIRDLY, you ought, in a more especial manner, to pray for those, whom "the
Holy Ghost hath made OVERSEERS over you." This is what St. Paul begs, again and
again, of the churches to whom he writes: Says he in the text, "Brethren, pray
for us;" and again, in his epistle to the Ephesians, "praying always, with all
manner of supplication; and for me also, that I may open my mouth boldly, to
declare the mystery of the gospel." And in another place, to express his
earnestness in this request, and the great importance of their prayers for him,
he bids the church "strive, (or, as the original word signifies, be in a agony)
together with him in their prayers." And surely, if the great St. Paul, that
chosen vessel, that favorite of heaven, needed the most importunate prayers of
his Christian converts; much more do the ordinary ministers of the gospel stand
in need of the intercession of their respective flocks.
And I cannot but in a more especial manner insist upon this branch of your duty,
because it is a matter of such importance: for, no doubt, much good is
frequently withheld from many, by reason of their neglecting to pray for their
ministers, and which they would have received, had they prayed for them as they
ought. Not to mention, that people often complain of the want of diligent and
faithful pastors. But how do they deserve good pastors, who will not earnestly
pray to God for such? If we will not pray to the Lord of the harvest, can it be
expected he will send forth laborers into his harvest?
Besides, what ingratitude is it, not to pray for your ministers! For shall they
watch and labor in the word and doctrine for you, and your salvation, and shall
not you pray for them in return? If any bestow favors on your bodies, you think
it right, meet, and your bounden duty, to pray for them; and shall not they be
remembered in your prayers, who daily feed and nourish your souls? Add to all
this, that praying for your ministers, will be a manifest proof of your
believing, that though Paul plant, and Apollos water, yet it is God alone who
giveth the increase. And you will also find it the best means you can use, to
promote your own welfare; because God, in answer to your prayers, may impart a
double portion of his Holy Spirit to them, whereby they will be qualified to
deal out to you larger measures of knowledge in spiritual things, and be enabled
more skillfully to divide the word of truth.
Would men but constantly observe this direction, and when their ministers are
praying in their name to God, humbly beseech him to perform all their petitions:
or, when they are speaking in God's name to them, pray that the Holy Ghost may
fall on all them that hear the word; we should find a more visible good effect
of their doctrine, and a greater mutual love between ministers and their people.
For ministers hands would then be hold up by the people's intercessions, and the
people will never dare to villify or traduce those who are the constant subjects
of their prayers.
4. Next to our ministers, OUR FRIENDS claim a place in our intercessions; but
then we should not content ourselves with praying in general terms for them, but
suit our prayers to their particular circumstances. When Miriam was afflicted
with a leprosy from God, Moses cried and said, "Lord, heal her." And when the
nobleman came to apply to Jesus Christ, in behalf of his child, he said, "Lord,
my little daughter lieth at the point of death, I pray thee to come and heal
her." In like manner, when our friends are under any afflicting circumstances,
we should endeavor to pray for them, with a particular regard to those
circumstances. For instance, is a friend sick? We should pray, that if it be
God's good pleasure, it may not be unto death; but is otherwise, that he would
give him grace so to take his visitation, that, after this painful life ended,
he may dwell with him in life everlasting. Is a friend in doubt in an important
matter? We should lay his case before God, as Moses did that of the daughters of
Zelophehad, and pray, that God's Holy Spirit may lead him into all truth, and
give all seasonable direction. Is he in want? We should pray, that his faith may
never fail, and that in God's due time he may be relieved. And in all other
cases, we should not pray for our friends only in generals, but suit our
petitions to their particular sufferings and afflictions; for otherwise, we may
never ask perhaps for the things our friends most want.
It must be confessed, that such a procedure will oblige some often to break from
the forms they use; but if we accustom ourselves to it, and have a deep sense of
what we ask for, the most illiterate will want proper words to express
themselves.
We have many noble instances in holy scripture of the success of this kind of
particular intercession; but none more remarkable than that of Abraham's
servant, in the book of Genesis, who being sent to seek a wife for his son
Isaac, prayed in a most particular manner in his behalf. And the sequel of the
story informs us, how remarkably his prayer as answered. And did Christians now
pray for their friends in the same particular manner, and with the same faith as
Abraham's servant did for his master; they would, no doubt, in many instances,
receive as visible answers, and have as much reason to bless God for them, as he
had. But
5. As we ought thus to intercede for our friends, so in like manner must we also
pray for OUR ENEMIES. "Bless them that curse you, (says Jesus Christ) and pray
for them that despitefully use you, and persecute you." Which commands he
enforced in the strongest manner by his own example: in the very agonies and
pangs of death, he prayed even for his murderers, "Father, forgive them, for
they know not what they do!" This, it must needs be confessed, is a difficult
duty, yet not impracticable, to those who have renounced the things of this
present life, (from an inordinate love of which all enmities arise) and who
knowing the terrible woes denounced against those who offend Christ's little
ones, can, out of real pity, and a sense of their danger, pray for those by whom
such offenses come.
6. Lastly, and to conclude this head, we should intercede for all that are any
ways AFFLICTED in mind, body, or estate; for all who desire, and stand in need
of our prayers, and for all who do not pray for themselves.
And Oh! That all who hear me, would set apart some time every day for the due
performance of this most necessary duty! In order to which,
I shall now proceed,
III. To show the advantages, and offer some considerations to excite you to the
practice of daily intercession. And
1. FIRST, It will fill your hearts with love one to another. He that every day
heartily intercedes at the throne of grace for all mankind, cannot but in a
short time be filled with love and charity to all: and the frequent exercise of
his love in this manner, will insensibly enlarge his heart, and make him
partaker of that exceeding abundance of it which is in Christ Jesus our Lord!
Envy, malice, revenge, and such like hellish tempers, can never long harbor in a
gracious intercessor's breast; but he will be filled with joy, peace, meekness,
long-suffering, and all other graces of the Holy Spirit. By frequently laying
his neighbor's wants before God, he will be touched with a fellow-feeling of
them; he will rejoice with those that do rejoice, and weep with those that weep.
Every blessing bestowed on others, instead of exciting envy in him, will be
looked on as an answer to his particular intercession, and fill his soul with
joy unspeakable and full of glory.
Abound therefore in acts of general and particular intercessions; and when you
hear of your neighbor's faults, instead of relating them to, and exposing them
before others, lay them in secret before God, and beg of him to correct and
amend them. When you hear of a notorious sinner, instead of thinking you do well
to be angry, beg of Jesus Christ to convert, and make him a monument of his free
grace; you cannot imagine what a blessed alteration this practice will make in
your heart, and how much you will increase day by day in the spirit of love and
meekness towards all mankind!
But farther, to excite you to the constant practice of this duty of
intercession, consider the many instances in holy scripture, of the power and
efficacy of it. Great and excellent things are there recorded as the effects of
this divine employ. It has stopped plagues, it has opened and shut heaven; and
has frequently turned away God's fury from his people. How was Abimelech's house
freed from the disease God sent amongst them, at the intercession of Abraham!
When "Phineas stood up and prayed," how soon did the plague cease! When Daniel
humbled and afflicted his soul, and interceded for the Lord's inheritance, how
quickly was an angel dispatched to tell him, "his prayer was heard!" And, to
mention but one instance more, how does God own himself as it were overcome with
the importunity of Moses, when he was interceding for his idolatrous people,
"Let me alone," says God!
This sufficiently shows, I could almost say, the omnipotency of intercession,
and how we may, like Jacob, wrestle with God, and by an holy violence prevail
both for ourselves and others. And no doubt it is owing to the secret and
prevailing intercessions of the few righteous souls who still remain among us,
that God has yet spared this miserably sinful nation: for were there not some
such faithful ones, like Moses, left to stand in the gap, we should soon be
destroyed, even as was Sodom, and reduced to ashes like unto Gomorrah.
But, to stir you up yet farther to this exercise of intercession, consider, that
in all probability, it is the frequent employment even of the glorified saints:
for though they are delivered from the burden of the flesh, and restored to the
glorious liberty of the sons of God, yet as their happiness cannot be perfectly
consummated till the resurrection of the last day, when all their brethren will
be glorified with them, we cannot but think they are often importunate in
beseeching our heavenly Father, shortly to accomplish the number of his elect,
and to hasten his kingdom. And shall now we, who are on earth, be often
exercised in this divine employ with the glorious company of the spirits of just
men made perfect? Since our happiness is so much to consist in the communion of
saints in the church triumphant above, shall we not frequently intercede for the
church militant here below; and earnestly beg, that we may all be one, even as
the Holy Jesus and his Father are one, that we may also be made perfect in one?
To provoke you to this great work and labor of love, remember, that it is the
never ceasing employment of the holy and highly exalted Jesus himself, who sits
at the right hand of God, to hear all our prayers, and to make continual
intercession for us! So that he who is constantly employed in interceding for
others, is doing that on earth, which the eternal Son of God is always doing in
heaven.
Imagine therefore, when you are lifting up holy hands in prayer for one another,
that you see the heavens opened, and the Son of God in all his glory, as the
great high-priest of your salvation, pleading for you the all-sufficient merit
of his sacrifice before the throne of his heavenly Father! Join then your
intercessions with his, and beseech him, that they may, through him, come up as
incense, and be received as a sweet-smelling favor, acceptable in the sight of
God! This imagination will strengthen your faith, excite a holy earnestness in
your prayers, and make you wrestle with God, as Jacob did, when he saw him face
to face, and his life was preserved; as Abraham, when he pleaded for Sodom; and
as Jesus Christ himself, when he prayed, being in an agony, so much the more
earnestly the night before his bitter passion.
And now, brethren, what shall I say more, since you are taught of Jesus Christ
himself, to abound in love, and in this good work of praying one for another.
Though ever so mean, though as poor as Lazarus, you will then become benefactors
to all mankind; thousands, and twenty times ten thousands, will then be blessed
for your sakes! And after you have employed a few years in this divine exercise
here, you will be translated to that happy place, where you have so often wished
others might be advanced; and be exalted to sit at the right hand of our
All-powerful, All-prevailing Intercessor, in the kingdom of his heavenly Father
hereafter.
However, I cannot but in an especial manner press this upon you now, because all
ye, amongst whom I have now been preaching, in all probability will see me no
more: for I am now going (I trust under the conduct of God's most Holy Spirit)
from you, knowing not what shall befall me: I need therefore your most
importunate intercessions, that nothing may move me from my duty, and that I may
not "count even my life dear unto myself, so that I may finish my course with
joy, and the ministry I have received of the Lord Jesus, to testify the gospel
of the grace of God!"
Whilst I have been here, to the best of my knowledge, I have not failed to
declare unto you the whole will of God: and though my preaching may have been a
savor of death unto death to some; yet I trust it has been also a savor of life
unto life to others; and therefore I earnestly hope that those will not fail to
remember me in their prayers. As for my own part, the many unmerited kindnesses
I have received from you, will not suffer me to forget you: out of the deep,
therefore, I trust shall my cry come unto God; and whilst the winds and storms
are blowing over me, unto the Lord will I make my supplication for you. For it
is but a little while, and "we must all appear before the judgment seat of
Christ;" where I must give a strict account of the doctrine I have preached, and
you of your improvement under it. And O that I may never be called out as a
swift witness, against any of those, for whose salvation I have sincerely,
though too faintly, longed and labored!
It is true, I have been censured by some as acting out of sinister and selfish
views; "but it is a small matter with me to be judged by man's judgment; I hope
my eye is single; but I beseech you, brethren, by the mercies of God in Christ
Jesus, pray that it may be more so! And that I may increase with the increase of
grace in the knowledge and love of God through Jesus Christ our Lord.
And now, brethren, what shall I say more? I could wish to continue my discourse
much longer; for I can never fully express the desire of my soul towards you!
Finally, therefore, brethren, "whatsoever things are holy, whatsoever things are
pure, whatsoever things are honest, what soever things are of good report: if
there be any consolation in Christ, if any fellowship of the spirit," if any
hopes of our appearing to the comfort of each other at the awful tribunal of
Jesus Christ, "think of the things that you have heard," and of those which your
pastors have declared, and will yet declare unto you; and continue under their
ministry to "work out your own salvation with fear and trembling:" so that
whether I should never see you any more, or whether it shall please God to bring
me back again at any time, I may always have the satisfaction of knowing that
your conversation is such "as becometh the gospel of Christ."
I almost persuade myself, that I could willingly suffer all things, so that it
might any ways promote the salvation of your precious and immortal souls; and I
beseech you, as my last request, "obey them that have the rule over you in the
Lord;" and be always ready to attend on their ministry, as it is your bounden
duty. Think not that I desire to have myself exalted at the expense of another's
character; but rather think this, not to have any man's person too much in
admiration; but esteem all your ministers highly in love, as they justly deserve
for their work's sake.
And now, "brethren, I commend you to god, and to the word of his grace, which is
able to build you up, and give you an inheritance amongst all them that are
sanctified." May God reward you for all your works of faith, and labors of love,
and make you to abound more and more in every good word and work towards all
men. May he truly convert all that have been convinced, and awaken all that are
dead in trespasses and sins! May he confirm all that are wavering! And may you
all go on from one degree of grace unto another, till you arrive unto the
measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ; and thereby be made meet to
stand before that God, "in whose presence is the fullness of joy, and at whose
right-hand there are pleasures for evermore!" Amen! Amen!
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